Serial Killer Research

The Insanity Of Killers Serial murder is a psychological crime in many aspects. It is a planned, thought out action. The crimes themselves are often committed in order for the killer to gain a sense of power, control, and domination. There must be psychological desires and/or perceived needs that are otherwise lacking in his or her life. Are serial killers insane? Not by legal standards. The legal definition of insanity is based on the 19th century M’Naghten Rules: Does the offender understand the difference between right and wrong?If he flees or makes any attempt to hide the crime, then the offender is not insane, because his actions show that he understood that what he was doing was wrong. Yet what person in their right mind would filet young children and write letters to the parents, glorifying over what a fine meal their child made? In the case of Albert Fish, the jury found him â€Å"insane, but he deserved to die anyway. † A formal definition of legal insanity fir st was adopted in 1843 and is called the M'Naghten test; its basic form still is used today.The test outlines that the defense must clearly prove that the accused person was so impaired psychologically as to not understand that the crime was wrong when he or she committed it. Most crime experts believe that serial killers are not insane and are fully aware of their actions at the time that they commit murders. What's more, serial murderers commit several crimes, so it would follow that they should be proved as insane when planning and committing all the crimes they're charged with.Some serial killers have been diagnosed as psychopaths, or people who act with total disregard for the rights of others; they can tell the difference between right and wrong, however, so psychopaths aren't considered insane. Society believes that the insanity defense is used far more often than it actually is and people believe that the defense is used as a tactic to avoid punishment. People perceive seria l killers as inhumane and question how they could ever commit the crimes that they do.Some think it is inhumane to put a killer to death, but isn’t it even more inhumane to kill as many people as that killer did? One of the most predictable attempts to shift the blame is by creating an evil dark side, or alter ego. Fabricating an alter ego is a convenient way to pin the guilt on another, even if that other is within. It's a psychological variation of â€Å"the devil made me do it. † But diabolical alter egos are usually clumsy constructions that fall apart under scrutiny. At best, a legitimate split personality could hope for a mental institution instead of death row.But authentic cases are exceptionally rare. The motives of serial killers can be placed into five different categories: visionary, missionary, hedonistic, gain motivated, power and control. Visionary is like having that little voice in your head telling you to do something, so the killer listens and even s ometimes tries to shift the blame on to the voice and claiming to be insane. So-called missionary killers believe that their acts are justified on the basis that they are getting rid of a certain type of person and thus doing society a favor.The hedonistic type kills for the sheer pleasure of it, although what aspect they enjoy varies. This is the most common type of serial killer depicted in slasher and horror movies, psychological thrillers, and so on. Gain motivated, most criminals who commit multiple murders for material ends (such as Mafia hit men) are not classed as serial killers, because they are motivated by economic gain rather than psychopathological compulsion. Power and control, their main objective for killing is to gain and exert power over their victim.Such killers are sometimes abused as children, leaving them with feelings of powerlessness and inadequacy as adults. They must be insane, what normal person could slaughter another human, for the sheer pleasure of it? Yet the most chilling fact about serial killers is that they are rational and calculating. As the â€Å"British Jeffrey Dahmer† Dennis Nilsen put it, â€Å"a mind can be evil without being abnormal. † Serial Killer-Psychopathic or Psychotic Differences between the two. What is a serial killer? A serial killer is a person who attacks and kills victims one by one in a series of incidents.Some characteristics of a serial killer is that they have a minimum of three to four victims, usually with a â€Å"cooling off period† in between. The killer usually is likely to victimize a stranger than they are to victimize someone that they know. The serial killer has a sadistic urge to dominate there victims, they do not profit, except for psychological satisfaction. The serial killer usually looks for victims that are vulnerable. The majority of serial killers are white males, in there late 20’s to early 30’s, but some have been known to be a lot older.Serial k illers usually come from lower to middle class family backgrounds and they usually have at least an average intelligence. There are two types of serial killers, the psychotic and the psychopath. The psychotic serial killer is one who is legally insane, they cannot tell the difference between right and wrong, they may hear voices, see visions and sometimes may have hallucinations prior to committing the murders. â€Å"The son of Sam† aka David Berkowitz is a great example of a psychotic serial killer. The second type of serial killer is the psychopathic serial killer.The psychopathic serial killer does not suffer from hallucinations, they know the difference between right and wrong, and are in touch with reality, they just do not care what the are doing is not right. Psychopathic serial killers lack one very important trait and that is that they do not have a conscience, or that there conscience is too weak to stop the violent behavior. A psychopathic serial killer does not fe el any guilt, nor are they sorry for there actions. There are numerous theories as to whether a person is born with the predisposition to kill; some theories suggest that the psychopath is a product of his/her environment.It is possible that it is a combination of both genetics anjd the person’s environment. The worst part of a psychopathic serial killer is his/her ability to blend in with their environment. They will act normal, but underneath there persona, lies two uncontrollable traits; sexual abnormality and a consuming need for power. The killing satisfies both the ultimate control over life and death. Simply, killing gives them pleasure, they will because they want to and because they enjoy doing so.The only thing that stops a serial killer from committing these types of killings is either they are arrested or they die. Works Cited Debswood, . â€Å"Serial Killer – Psychopathic or Psychotic. † Scienceray. 19 2008. Web. 2 Nov 2012. . Ward, Daniel. â€Å"T he M'Naghten Rule: A Re-evaluation. † Marquette Law Review. Marquette Law Scholarly Commons, n. d. Web. 4 Nov 2012. . Bardsley, Marilyn. â€Å"Albert Fish. † Trutv-Crime Library. A Time Warner Company. Web. 3 Nov 2012. . Sullivan, Andrew. â€Å"Mind of Madness. † Studymode. studymode. com, 27 2011. Web. 5 Nov 2012. .

Fireweed Case Study Essay

Introduction Fireweed is a short story written by Skye Brannon about a special day in Baluta’s life. Baluta is an uneducated carpenter in U.S.A, and lives with his brother Jato and the brother’s wife Sama. Baluta has had a rough background, he was witness to his father and sisters death, and had to flee to America, from Libya from war and hate. Main Theme There are several themes in the story, such as, culture difference, racism and poverty, but all these, are sub-themes. The overall main theme of this short story must be to cherish the present, and take nothing for granted. The fact that Baluta saw his dad getting killed and his sister raped and killed, is a view into an absurd world of violence and hate, described without many feelings. â€Å"He saw his father, swinging from a tree, on a rope†[1], and â€Å"He saw little Alonso’s ten-year old body, limp, naked in the sun, being passed from one soldier to another, his pants mingling with the dust.†[2] This is a matter of course that he will never take anything for granted, because he has learned that he will never know when it’s going to stop. A more positive sign on the main them, of this short story, is that he is actually having a better life now, in America. And he won’t take that for granted even though, there are a lot of other people with muc h better conditions, like Tiffany. The way the story is structured Fireweed is written with a third person narrator who is omniscient. All the actions are seen from Baluta’s point of view. â€Å"Cold like Kpatawee Falls back home, Baluta thought. Yes, today would be a remembering day† page 9, line 9. In this quote it’s clear that the narrator is omniscient since he knows what Baluta thinks. The story is told in the past tense, except for the quotes which are in present. The short story is simple to read, because of the uncomplicated language that is being used. It also makes it easier to read when something in the text that catches your attention, like the dialogs between the two brothers, Baluta and Jato, because they speak with an African accent. â€Å"†Dese Americans,† Jato said, â€Å"if you tell dem your mandika name, dey look loke you’ve given dem a riddle†Ã¢â‚¬ .[3] The story also contains a few flashbacks which might get a bit confusing. It is not possible to figure out the story before the end, because a lot of important details are revealed that you won’t be able to guess. It keeps the author’s attention, and helps out to keep the story exciting and interesting. A Characterization of Baluta/Joel Baluta/Joel is a person that doesn’t seek conflicts or controversies with other people which you can see on page 9, line 17 â€Å"Baluta felt awful for this, but he had to work to get a car, and needed a car to get to work† and again at page 10 when Tiffany asks Baluta to smash down some dirt which in the theory isn’t his job, but he just says â€Å"Sure, miss† because he is a nice person. â€Å"Could you please smash down that pile of dirt?† Another example of Baluta trying to fit into the new society that he is in, is shown by him changing his name from Baluta to Joel, just so he won’t be a victim of racism. The fact that Baluta fled from Liberia to a country where he has all these opportunities, that U.S.A provides, makes him not take anything for granted, and I think that Skye Brannon took Tiffany into the story on purpose because she is the exact opposite of Baluta, a rich, white, lady. â€Å"†This has got to be fixed.† She looked at Baluta for confirmation. Baluta nodded, but saw nothing wrong. The cabinet was of beautiful hardwood.†[4] This quote helps to characterize both Baluta and Tiffany. The Setting The story is built up around three environments; the first one is in America, where Baluta lives with his brother and the sister in law. They live very poorly, with cold water in the shower and a car in bad condition, which they don’t have enough money to fix. â€Å"When he was several numbers away, he took his foot off the gas. He hoped he could glide to a stop in front of the correct house, otherwise, the Swiss Chevy would let out a loud squeal when he hit the brake.†[5] This quote shows that they have to take a lot of alternative methods in use, to make it through the day, like saving money on the car. The next environment is even poorer, we hear about his life in Libya. â€Å"When they would get back to their hut, a square in the shanty-town quilt shadowed by a mountain, Alonso would always tell Grandma Awa that Baluta had caught some fish.†[6] Even though Baluta lives in the lower economic class in the U.S, it’s still far better than what he would have obtained in Libya. The last environment is at Tiffany’s house, where Baluta has a job to do. She is a rich woman with a big house, big lawn, and apparently also big signs of prejudices against African people. â€Å"When he got out of the car, he noticed a frightened look on her face and that she clutched a phone in her hand†.[7]In this quote it is easy to see that, because she belongs to the upper-class, she feels that poorer people might only be here to steal. This is important because it proves the point of one of the story’s theme, racism.

Nuremberg Trial Essay

The Struggle for Justice: Nuremberg Trial. After Germany was defeated in World War II. Millions innocent people had lost their lives. The trials were held at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany. There were many Nazi leaders who were under suspicion and the from all of those the top Nazi leaders were called to go on trial and justify there reasons to committing war crimes and war against humanity for the execution of the Jews, and simply for killing many people innocent people. Hermann Goering, Albert Spear, Wilhelm Keitel and Hans Frank are just a few of the Nazi defendants in the trial. They defended themselves even though there was a lot of proof proving that they were guilty. In this essay we are going to see all the defenses used by these four Nazi defendants. Hermann Goering was the reichmarschell and air force chief, he was the president of Reichstag, and director of the â€Å"four year plan† In the Nuremberg Trial he believed strongly that he was not guilty and did not regret what he did, but this was not what everyone else seemed to think. When Goering was asked about the concentration camps in the trial and who decided upon them, he said † The idea was mine, It was a question of removing danger only one cause was available protective custody. How can the party rule unless it established order and how could it maintain order with it’s deadly enemies particularly the communist running free† I think that the concentration camps were used for torturing people that were innocent and I strongly believe that there were more options then just putting people in concentration camps, this was probably the easiest way to torture hundreds of people at once rather than doing anything else. Many people who were innocent and also many Jews who had not committed anything were taken in just for the reason that they might commit crime in the future, and simply for the hatred the had for the Jewish people, to me that is not a valid reason at all. During the trial there was also a movie shown that was created by motion pictures by allied military photographers and it showed the areas where the concentration camps were located and how people were treated, and the outcome of the camps, it clearly showed people suffering and being tortured only because they were â€Å"supposedly† a threat and might commit a crime. If someone is said to be suspicious it still does not mean that they are thrown to concentration camps, or they are tortured, proof must be shown and then a decision should be made towards that individual. Sadlyno one was heard and no one had the rights to explain themselves innocent. Many people were sent to concentration camps, it did not only happen to people who were suspicious but it mainly happened to millions of innocent people and Jewish people who were simply hated because they were Jews, and to me that is racism and disrespect, and it is disgusting to see that people can take such measures, and torture human beings like they have no rights and like they are just a pieces of toys. Most of all it is also sickening to see that many of these Nazi leaders especially Goering did not regret what they did. Keitel Wilhelm was the chief of staff of German high command, and Hans Frank was the governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland, called the † Jew Butcher of Cracow† When Hans was asked how he felt about what he had done, and was asked to explain how he did those things, which was shoot and kill people who were innocent, and genocides in the camps. He said that † I don’t know, It’s as though I’m two people. The Hans Frank you see here and the Hans Frank the Nazi leaderI wonder how the other Frank could do these things,This frank looks at the other Frank and says your a terrible man, The other Frank said that I just wanted to keep my job† I respect that Frank realized that what he did was wrong and that he was still not brainwashed by the views that they were forced upon By Hitler and that were influenced by him. Many of the Nazi leaders still believe that what they did was right, and regret nothing and show ignorance through out the trial. I do believe that a person can feel bad for the actions or crimes they have committed, which Frank showed, but unfortunately it was too late. I think that that he is brave to admit his sorrow, and that he feels terrible. On the other hand it is sad to realize that this trial was what made him realize what he did was wrong and even though he did it to keep his job which is understandable because he probably had a family to provide for and to survive on his own. Showing sorrow cannot bring back and change anything, and what was done has happened. I wish that Hans Frank would have stopped his job which was being a Nazi leader, personally I would not want the money I have earned knowing it was because I had killed innocent lives. The next defendant was Kietel Wilhelm, when Kietel and many other war criminals were lined up, that was the moment whenKietel says that† Only following orders, nothing more, you must understand† I think that since many of these Nazi leaders were used to following orders, and that is what they had been doing for a very long time, for that reason I do not blame them for having this type of mind set. I think that what Keitel said was somewhat justifiable and the reason for that is that Hitler was the higher power and he ordered many of the Nazi leaders and if they did not accept his order and do as they were told, they were most likely killed. The fear of being killed is what kept these Nazi’s to do as they were told. With that being said, I believe that what Kietel said was something that any Nazi soldier would say or perhaps any soldier in general. Albert Spear was the Reichminister of armaments and munitions, From all of the the other Nazi leaders he was different. He felt guilty for what he had done just like Hans Frank but when he was in trial he told the truth, and showed that he was truly sorry for his actions. One of the things that he said was † This war has caused catastrophe† I do agree with what Spear said, and it is nice to know that he agrees with this, rather than all the other Nazi leaders who were still brainwashed and though that the war and the crimes done in them were completely fine. He also said that † No one is blameless for the responsibility of the crimes except the victims† After hearing what all the other ignorant Nazi leaders had to say, It was very pleasing to here this from Spear as it shows a sign of shame and that he feels ashamed of his actions. When Spear was asked if he came up with a plan to assassinate Hitler he said † Yes I did try to assassinate Hitler† When he said this it brought lots of hatred towards hims from the Nazi leaders as they gave him dirty looks and were shocked that one of their own man could think of taking such actions. I for one believe that even though Spear was a Nazi, later on he realized that Hitler was evil , he also said † Hitler was a nightmare for our own making† I think that Spear genuinely hated Hitler, and it was not only during the trial he realized but as he was a Nazi leader his hate for him was the reason he wanted to kill Hitler, but unfortunately that did not happen. In my opinion Spear was the only Nazi leader who knew what he was talking about and he seemed to understand that what was done, was absolutely not right, and the only one to realize that was Spear and you can also that regarding say Hans Frank. I think that the courts took what he did too seriously, which is good but at the same time, he told the truth and showed that he really did feel bad for the actions of not only him but of all the others. He was imprisoned for 20 years on charges three and four. I understand that he was also a part of the Nazi group, and he killed many innocent victims, his views from back then have definitely changed, and I believe he is a better person from before. But you must face the consequences for what you have done, and it would only be fair. In conclusion, some of the defenses were justifiable, but what Goering used to justify himself was completely ridiculous and was not justifiable what so ever. Many people had lost family and relatives, and all these people wanted justice and if it were up to me, I would have given some of these Nazi leaders the same torture they did to many of the innocent people, but it was not up to me. In the end justice was given and many of these Nazi’s were hanged to death or imprisoned.

Uniquely Feminine Action Scenes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Uniquely Feminine Action Scenes - Research Paper Example When she was attacked, she held her leg up to the throat of her opponent while the camera was positioned on the floor looking up. Her crotch was right on the center and it made her legs look even longer. Barb Wire and Sucker Punch follow the model of Charlie’s Angels. These movies emphasize the curves instead of the muscles. In Sucker Punch, one of the most popular fight scene is the Samurai Battle. Babydoll (Browning) was dressed as a female sailor with a hemline that barely covers her butt. In more than one occasion, she slid through the air. Her body was parallel to the floor and the camera was just several inches away from body, locked in one position. It created an illusion that her body was sliding through the camera which put the audience in the closest possible proximity with her breasts, abs, crotch and legs. There are those who criticize Snyder for this, calling it a failed interpretation of feminism (Mencimer 4). Her argument is that the critics on the feminist fron t are correct. There are still specified parameters wherein violence for women is allowed and these parameters are generally set according to what men are able to put up with. Gina Arnold’s (3) view is very different and subscribes to the idea that the evolving female character is an inspiration and is a positive influence on women. According to Arnold, if we look at the elated reception received by Charlie’s Angels in shopping centres all over America, we can rightly assume that the viewing public are overjoyed to see women attaining a physically superior position when it comes to men. Also according to Arnold, a number of these movies present a more elegant approach when it comes to violence. She also writes that, without the... You will find that the way that Ripley in Alien has been portrayed affected how women are portrayed in general in action movies. Ever since the release of the first movie in 1979, there have been a strong wave of strong female heroines – â€Å"Terminator 1’s† – Linda Hamilton; â€Å"China O’Brien’s, Lady Dragon’s† Cynthia Rothrock; â€Å"Resident Evil’s† MillaJovovich; â€Å"Kill Bill’s Uma Thurman† are just a sampling of some of these. Unfortunately, Weaver’s talent is often eclipsed by her onscreen image. A number of websites take more notice of what she looks like than how she acts. It is not surprising for producers to use the beauty of women to in action movies. In Charlie’s Angels, there is the undeniable concentration to shoot from a lower angle, possibly to show that the women are superior to the scene and audience but, and this is more likely, to put emphasis on their breasts. There are a number of gratuitous shots of the women’s body and tight shots on their abs, legs, and lips. The fight scene has a high sexual element to it. They roll across the floor with open legs a number of times. In another shot, they are on their back struggling with their legs open. You could compare this shot to a rape scene. Even their exaggerated grunts, screams and moans are louder than any non-diagetic music in the scene.

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the Essay

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the remuneration of chief executives of banks should be determined - Essay Example In the U.S, for example, this was followed by acquisition of properties from defaulters. Despite a given financial situation, the banks’ chief executives have always enjoyed a constant pay through basic salaries and bonuses. Their positions have been secured by tenures and extensive pension plans. The banks have defended such payments as a way of protecting the interest of the bank by ensuring that they beat the competition for CEOs in the country. It is this unfounded huge salaries and allowances to CEOs despite financial situation, global or local, that needs to be reviewed. Such review should assist in ensuring that banks do not incur unnecessary expenditure when they should be recording increased investments and value for the shareholders. This paper will look into various ways that the remunerations of the chief executives of banks can be determined. In drawing up the analysis, various factors that add up to their pay such as pensions, office tenure, bonuses and gross sal ary will be looked into. Components to Be Monitored In determining the total remuneration of a CEO, various components should be given consideration. Such components are given priority owing to the fact that they motivate better performance by the CEO come the following financial year. They should also act to retain the person in office and within the bank to beat the market demand of such personnel. The components include salaries, bonuses, compensations, stock options and incentive plans. Salaries Like any other employee in a bank, the CEO is entitled to an annual or monthly based salary. Owing to the high number of companies willing to pay large sums for a given CEO, competition for such personnel has heightened considerably in many countries. Given a bank’s need for a well performing CEO, it is essential to ensure that a CEO is paid accordingly in an effort to retain them. Considering the constant nature of the salary, financial crisis should be given consideration when c oming up with figures (CNN Money, 2013). For some banks like Citi bank in the United States, the CEO’s salary is determined and approved by the shareholders. This ensures that the figure protects the interests of the bank’s owners. Any increase or decrease should be given room in cases where either is deemed necessary. In an Annual General Meeting (AGM), the shareholders may approve to reduce or increase the CEO’s salary as an effort to protect the interests of the bank during crisis (New York Times, 2009). Bonuses CEOs are usually awarded bonuses based on their previous performances. In most of the banks, the bonuses are based on profits realised within a given year. Such bonuses act as motivation to the CEOs and incentive for better future performance. With bonuses, complexity arises when it is eminent that the following year will be faced with financial crisis. Bonuses are essential as they act as incentives to the CEOs although over a very short period. Such incentives are meant to ensure that the CEO performs better by increasing on the growth of the bank through increased profits and shareholder value. It is the same bonuses that have been misused by many CEO to increase their pay. CEOs may lie about the profits realised by presenting deceiving figures to the board. Such an action has seen banks award bonuses to CEOs based on misleading information. To save banks during financial crisis or within a period preceding the crisis, bank financial accounts should be properly audited to ensure that the

Contract Analysis. Newport Management Corp. Administrative and Research Paper

Contract Analysis. Newport Management Corp. Administrative and CoreLogic Tax Outsourcing Service Agreements - Research Paper Example It is a services agreement entered into between the company and Citi Loan Services. Performance for the servicer, which is Citi Loan Services, on the other hand, is measured against its obligations, stipulated clearly in the contract as well. This includes exclusivity of the engagement on the part of the Servicer, whereas the contract is non-exclusive for the Company (Newport Management Corp.). B. Quality The provisions in general are adequate and provide termination and escape clauses for non-performance as well as for breach of contract terms. Performance quality is measured in terms of compliance with the obligations on both sides. There are representation clauses too, as well as privacy and confidentiality clauses and audit clauses that offer substantial legal protection for both parties in those areas. There is a set period of three years for the contract, and terms for a yearly renewal, as well as termination clauses. The indemnification and arbitration clauses are detailed and comprehensive, and cover many substantial areas of potential dispute. Quality standards for service are also clearly stipulated in the Appendix, Appendix D, giving the servicer concrete metrics with which to gauge the quality of service provided by the Company. There are clauses too that strictly define the terms of indemnification and the limitations on potential liabilities on the part of both parties. (Newport Management Corp.). C. Financial Compliance ' Financial compliance clauses are stipulated under fees, and in the provisions relating to performance and to termination, arbitration, and audit clauses. All these are premised on servicer complying with the financial terms of the agreement, where the Company gets a fixed fee for every processed insurance item. The clauses on arbitration provide another means to further reinforce or to clarify contract terms relating to financial compliance and other matters of interest to both parties (Newport Management Corp.). D. Compliance a nd Risk Management ' The limitation on liability is an express clause that provides a level of risk protection for both parties in the case of legal disputes arising out of the activities of either or both. This is a way for both parties to manage the risks of engaging with one another, together with the clauses on representation. On the other hand, the indemnification, arbitration, confidentiality and privacy as well as security, audit, and standard metrics for measuring performance all reinforce the safety of the undertaking and secure compliance from both parties, while mitigating the risks of harm to both in the event of breach of contract. In all the detailed coverage of these aspects of the contract add to managing the risks of entering into the agreement for Newport and Citi Loans, while providing provisions to make sure that both perform their obligations under it (Newport Management Corp.). II. CoreLogic Tax Outsourcing Service Agreement A. Performance There are few provisi ons for securing the performance of the customer where the customer is in breach of its obligations. There are no explicit clauses that define what the obligations of the customer are under the contract, and where the penalties for non-performance of

Alternate Energy Engineering - Turbine Blades Research Paper

Alternate Energy Engineering - Turbine Blades - Research Paper Example Both the types of wind turbines have the different orientation of blades. For three blade design of either VAWT or HAWT, there is a 120o angular difference between the blades. For two blade design, the angular difference between the blades is 180o and for four-blade design, the angular difference between the blades is 90o. Importance of turbine bladesTurbine blades are the most important part of the wind turbine. Conventionally turbine blades are manufactured with tensile metals which are then reinforced with ceramics, other metals, fiberglass or then some materials to enhance the durability of the blades and reduce the metallic characteristics of fatigue, rupture, and corrosion (Quarton, 6). Turbine blades collect the kinetic energy of wind and transform it into mechanical energy by reacting against the kinetic energy of the wind. The energy transferred from the wind is directly proportional to the speed of the wind. On the other hand, the reacting surface area of the wind turbine b lades also matters a lot. On the other hand, it is important to design the turbine blades in the manner that they produce no hurdle in transferring energy from the wind to the rotor. A wind turbine may have multiple turbine blades but wind turbine should have at least two turbine blades that should be properly balanced with respect to each other and with respect to the rotor of the wind turbine. Any imperfection in the wind turbine blades results in effective power loss and rupturing with continuous use.

EVALUATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE WITHIN Dissertation

EVALUATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE WITHIN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION(ASDA) LEAD TO THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS - Dissertation Example †¦...22 3.2 Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 3.3 Ethical Considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 3.4 The Design of Questionnaires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 4.0 Results and Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..25-29 5.0 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...30-33 6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.34-37 7.... ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27 Figure 2: Relationship among ASDA’s Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..28 Table 1: Table 1: Employees’ Reasons for ASDA’s Near Bankruptcy in 1990s†¦.25 1.0 Introduction This paper critically addresses the impacts of organisational culture on performance of a financial institution (ASDA), and investigating how this culture could lead to global financial crisis. It must be stated at this earliest time that this paper dwells mainly on the Human Resources aspect of organisation culture; it highlights how employees of ASDA, based on their varying experiences, trainings, personal integrity and conformity to organisational policies, could cause a spiral global financial crisis. It is no longer a new phenomenon that organisational culture is a potent factor in determining the success of operations in a com pany (Schein, 2004). ASDA, a financial institution, also derives its efficiency from the realization that its human resources must be revamped in order to achieve optimum performance in credit and financial services (ASDA, 2010a). ASDA requires its array of employees to demonstrate high-quality professionalism so as to be able to discharge its statutory duty as a viable credit facilities’ institution (ASDA, 2010a). One important feature of ASDA that would not be overlooked in this study is it size, huge market reach, and the magnitude of the effect of its eventual collapse, in case there is a financial crisis. Big financial institutions like ASDA faces increasingly threat as it deals out its credit-issuing services to its many customers (Kidwell et al, 2000). However, for the purpose of clarity and concentration, this study only looks into the effect of organisational culture on the activities of ASDA as a

Death Penalty in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Death Penalty in the US - Essay Example er hand proponents believe that criminals who is a liability to the society or those who do not live based on the rules of the society needs to be punished and in extreme cases they must be executed if no other options succeeded in correcting the criminal. â€Å"Around 137 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Despite international human rights standards, some nations still execute people.† (Death Penalty) â€Å"In US, as of April 1, 2008, the Death Penalty was authorized by 37 states, the Federal Government, and the U.S. Military†. (The death penalty in the US) In fact United States is one of the toughest countries in the world as far as death penalty is concerned even though they speak out loudly against all kind of human right violations around the world. They never accept that the first and most important human right is live and let others live. This paper analyses the different aspects of death penalty system in United States. In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam and the US) accounted for 97 percent of all global executions. On average, every 9-10 days a government in the United States executes a prisoner. Since the 1976 Supreme Court decision that re-instated the death penalty in the United States, the governments of the United States had executed 1,136, as of December 2008(Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty (Capital  Punishment)) The statistics clearly reveals that the US attitude towards human life is not so great compared to other countries. In fact it is a failure from the part of the governments that they were not able to control the crimes without capital punishment even in the twenty first century. For a civilized nation like United Sates the above statistics is not a satisfying one. The interesting thing is that even though capital punishment is implemented, the crime rates have not been come down and moreover it is on its upward journey. Most of the American people are actually against capital p unishment. But the governments

Management and Leadership Situations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management and Leadership Situations - Essay Example The concept of the world under one umbrella (Globalization) has liberalized the management principles also. Management styles and methodologies have undergone drastic changes over the past two decades because of the introduction of scientific management theories in the organizations. Most of the autocratic approaches have given way to democratic approaches. Business is more oriented towards building relationships between the organization and the employees and also with the organization and the customers or public. The relationship between the employees and the organization should be in good condition for the growth of the organization. The employees should feel happy about the working conditions and the wages in order to deliver maximum productivity. If any damages caused, to the employee- organization ties up, the business may badly affect. On the other hand in some situations, the management may be forced to implement certain strategies for the benefit of the organization which may result in increased workload for the employees. Consider the following case. Your store is having an after holiday sale. All merchandise will be discounted 50% in order to make up for money lost before the holidays because of the weak economy. The store must close at its’ usual time of 10 pm so not to turn away customers but will reopen at 6 AM the following day. Although the staff is tired from a 12 hour day, they must stay past their assigned shift to complete a merchandise inventory and discount the merchandise before the opening the next day. What should the manager do?

Effect of Cosmetic Marketing on Consumers individual self image Dissertation

Effect of Cosmetic Marketing on Consumers individual self image - Dissertation Example A review of the recent literature shows that the cosmetics industry is at the forefront of marketing innovations and this study explores exactly what effects this marketing activity is having on the self-image of consumers. 1.2 Body, Self and Image. It has long been recognised that the way people use certain products helps them to build a concept of self (Grubb, 1967; Sirgy, 1982; Malhotra, 2002). Psychologists have noted that people seek to maintain more than one version themselves. (Adler, 1930) This is very evident in choice of clothing, for example, which people use to align themselves to peer groups, work contexts and so on, and when they adapt to different situations. There are also many products which people use in private and no one else knows that this product is being used. These two situations may connect with what psychologists call â€Å"ideal self† and â€Å"real self† (Dolich, 1969 ) or â€Å"public self† and â€Å"private self.† (Baumeister , 1986) Studies show that what people buy has symbolic as well as literal meanings for them, and by choosing some products over others, consumers are choosing to bolster one or other aspect of their own personality. (Dittmar, 1992) For women especially there are extra pressures to maintain a positive body image because the patriarchal culture that still exists in Western societies values youthful and healthy appearance in women much more than in men. (Woolf, 1991; Gimlin, 2002) As women at the start of the twentieth century increasingly took part in the public world of work, the cosmetic industry played its part in building expectations of increasing artifice in the construction of a public image for women. (Peiss, 1990) Now, at the start of the twenty first century, in a less overtly sexist society, the process appears to be extending still further into the domain of masculinity, and the marketing of cosmetics for men is growing exponentially. (Mintel, 2008) 1.3 The Cosmetics Indus try and Self Image. The cosmetics industry is intimately connected with consumers’ idea of self. to modern approaches like â€Å"Guerrilla Marketing† (Levinson, 2007) which advocates low budget persistence before, during and after a sale. â€Å"Digital Marketing† or â€Å"emarketing† (Parkin, 2009) extols the advantages of new technologies. The concept of â€Å"sticky marketing† rejects old adages like the unique selling proposition or USP because of the proliferation of almost identical products in modern society, and requires instead that â€Å"the focus move from transactions to customer engagement.† (Leboff: . p. 92) All of these have relevance in the fashion-conscious area of cosmetics marketing. It is no coincidence that some of the most psychologically sophisticated campaigns in the history of marketing come from this branch. L’Oreal Group’s long running series of haircare advertisements, for example, which ran the sloga n â€Å"Because you’re worth it† successfully bound their product to the consumer’s feeling of self-worth, creating a memorable message that has become part of the English language. The focus in these advertisements is on the effect which the product has on the consumer’s mind, more than the body, and this is a clever twist that flatters the consumer and seems to sell the product incidentally. This campaign which ran at the start of

Barangay Community Record Essay Example for Free

Barangay Community Record Essay Introduction Information technology refers to the collection of tools that make it easier to use, create, manage and exchange information. One of the exciting ways in which the computer serve as a general service tool is in the field of information retrieval and operation, the search for facts which, together with the operations done on it, are stored in a central storage. Computer-based information retrieval operates through the use of software that can offer information services for an institution. An information service provides a way to electronically access, retrieve, and transmit that information. As for the moment, the barangay workers (Barangay Caramutan, La Paz, Tarlac) are using the manual process in most services the barangay is giving to its residents. For example, in keeping records and issuing the barangay clearance. The main problem concerning the barangay is that they do not have a centralized and accurate system for storing records they have for these are very important to them. How they will have a file maintenance system and will lessen the problem of works they usually do in getting, keeping and updating the files. To solve these problems, we proposed a system which is called BARANGAY COMMUNITY RECORD, which will be the file maintenance system of the barangay to be used in keeping their records. The proposed system will also be a census-like system of each resident of the barangay for each and every resident will now have an identification number containing their personal records. Project Context The proposed system will have an important result on both the residents of the barangay and barangay employees who manages the system as well as the barangay itself. The implementation of the system will change the methods and process that the barangay is being used for keeping their files. This will also ensure that all the records will be in tract and updated. The system will also create a census based environment to monitor the population of the locale. The barangay will also be guaranteed that the file will be protected and safe for it will require authorization before someone can access the system. The study will also benefit its employees who manage the files and information of the barangay for it will bring easy access of the data they need. This will also eliminates tons of papers they usually keep and allow the system to store it in such a way that can be easily access. The study also benefits its residence for they will be accommodated easily for they will have an identification that can be used to access their accounts if there are some changes to be done in their part. It will also be easy for them to easy demand some information and services because of the information that barangay have about them. This will also assure the residents that their information is correctly secured and maintain through the use of the proposed system. Purpose and description For the user to have a system that can help them OBJECTIVES 1. To turn manual system into modern system to the said barangay 2. To bring ease in accessing the records needed for there will be an option for searching with the use of identification number issued by the barangay. 3. To ensure that the file will securely store in the system and make a backup of the files if accident occurs. 4. To issue certification: * Barangay Clearance * Barangay Business Permit * Certificate of Indigency * BARC (Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee ) Certification Scope and limitation The study only deals with the information the barangay. This includes all the essential information of all the residents of the barangay. This information includes personal information and character reference of the person. Assets and medical record of each resident is not included as well as the use of biometrics in getting the barangay clearance. The proposed system can generate reports as the barangay usually done. The information stored can be edited if there are changes to be done and saves the changes being done. It can also delete information that is no longer needed to keep.

Holistic and Academic Education

Holistic and Academic Education Holistic education is a discipline of education based on the premise that each person finds, meaning, identity and purpose in life through connections to the natural world, to the community, and to humanitarian values such as peace and compassion. Holistic education aims to call forth from people an intrinsic reverence for life and a passionate love of learning. This is the definition given by Miller, editor, founder and author of the journal Holistic Education. The term holistic education is often used to refer to the more democratic and humanistic types of alternative education. Flake, C. L (1998) describes this further by stating, What distinguishes holistic education from other forms of education, at its most general level, are its objectives, its focus to learning through experience, its goals and the significance it places on primary human values and relationships, within a learning environment. The concept of holism refers to the idea that all the properties of a given system in any field of study cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts [Forbes, S. H, 1996]. The system as a whole instead determines the behavior of its parts. There is no single source for a holistic education movement. There is neither a major form of expression nor a predominant proponent. It is difficult to define clearly a holistic education. There are a number of perceptions and values, however that most schools claiming to be holistic would follow [Miller.R, 2010]. A holistic way of thinking rather than defining human possibilities narrowly, literally tries to integrate and encompass multiple layers of experience and meaning. Teaching Methodologies There are several methodologies adopted by schools that preach holistic education: Religion as a part of life: Holistic education cultivates religious values as a part of the life. There are classes that insist and preach moral values such as divinity, spirituality, realization of self, morality, mortality, serving the community and much more. Live Workshops: Education through experience is the main motto of holistic education. Everything is made live in the form of workshops. Scholars from various disciplines interact with the students and conduct real-time workshops rather than imparting the bookish knowledge. Children or students literally do what they learn and learn what they do. This make the children gain experience in each and every subject they learn. Science Fairs and Exhibitions: The institutions spent a lot of amount in gather people of same likes and interests at a single place and share their views on thoughts. Knowledge is the only resource that multiplies on sharing. Knowledge transfer is accomplished in holistic education due to many fairs and exhibitions. Special Training Programs: Training programs to develop various technical, managerial and behavioral skills are conducted often by these institutions. Some of the most significant training programs are leadership training, team building training, communication training, psychological training, orientation training and religious training. Mentors The teachers in the holistic schools are not strict as that of regular academic schools. Rather than threatening the students by exercising strict control over them, these teachers act as real friends and mentors of the students. The children can get guidance from their mentors very easily and without a hesitation. The barrier between the teacher- student relationships is completely broken in holistic education. Thus holistic education is far beyond the styles adopted by conventional academic learning. With acts like terrorism, crime and violence increasing in the society, holistic learning, obviously is the need of the hour. Aims and objectives of the study Primary Objective: To understand the key concepts and options of holistic education. To analyze the difference between academic and holistic education. To identify the need for holistic education. To study the process of education followed in holistic institutions in India. To evaluate the effectiveness of holistic education systems. Secondary Objective: To create awareness about holistic education among people of India. To emphasis the need for holistic education in India. To encourage the people to seek holistic education rather than conventional academic education. Review of literature The Indian educational history has always been glorified by the presence of universities like Nalanda, Vikramshila and Taxila, from the ancient period. India has got the privilege of establishing universities, even before there were universities in continents like Europe. The contributions of Arya Bhatta, Chanakya, Kalidasa and Baskaracharyya could not be forgotten by the whole world. Be it mathematics, science, literature or technology, India would be in the list of one of the historic contributors irrespective of the discipline of education. Indians have produced many of the most successful and remarkable insights, thoughts and inventions. However, on examining the post independent era, the scenario of growth in the present Indian education is remarkably low and in fact pitiable. The 65 years of post independence has not made much difference in Indian education, especially in rural India. Independent India however has stood unique by setting up over seventy education commission or education committee. Out of the 94 developing countries in the world, the position of India is 76th in terms of overall educational development index [EDI]. The percentage of students enrolled in first standard (Class I) and reached to fifth standard (Class V) is 77 in other developing countries. Controversially in India it is only 60%. [Krishnamurthy, 1994]. This statistical data is significant enough to understand the deteriorating situation of present India. India ranks a low 105 out of 127 nations in UNESCOs Education for All Development Index (EDI) for 2004, despite its much-prevalent Education for All (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) initiative. The worst part of it is that the United Nation body says it is doubtful if India would be able to achieve the EFA (Education for All) goal. The EFA goals concentrates on 100% enrolment in primary schools by the year 2015 and it is one of the U Ns Millennium Development Goals (MDG). All this has happened only because of the conventional educational system that focuses much on making the children to pile up with loads of books rather than understanding the true value of education. The conventional academic education ruins the imaginative power of kids. Especially the academic educational system in India is so strict that it does not give place for creativity and human values. On the other hand, an alternative educational system also known as holistic education is emerging in India. Unlike the conventional system, holistic education concentrates on learning through experience. This gives a new definition and style to education. By this system, children can learn by doing whatever they love to do. This system induces an interest for learning among children and education is being made a fun by this process. Holistic learning is also known as transformative learning. Jack Mezirow (2000), Neuman (1998), Boyd Meyers and Edmond OSullivan, (1988) have contributed to the research of transformative learning and have identified a new framework or pedagogy that is to be demonstrated in holistic programs. According to Mezirow, the goal of education is to help the individual become a more autonomous thinker by learning to negotiate his or her own values, meanings, and purpose rather than uncritically acting on those of others[Mezirow ,2000]. According to Edmond OSullivan, transformative learning involves experiencing a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings, and actions. It is a shift of consciousness that dramatically and permanently alters our way of being in the world. [Edmond OSullivan, 1988]. OSullivan E., has identified five themes as the fundamental to transformative learning. The connection or relationship that humans have with the natural world also known as the consciousness of the environment Conscious world citizens, equality, peace, world citizenship, interdependency, narratives of inclusion and interconnectedness Integral curriculum; integral development-from the personal to the planetary, contextual-holistic vs. content-informational An experience of belonging: community, a place, roots A sense of the sacred: integrative dimension of experience, awe, respect for life, connections to the spirit [Jack Mezirow, 2000], On the other hand has specified ten elements that provide a strong foundation for transformative learning. A sense of safety, openness, trust; egalitarian, nonjudgmental and non-competitive environment A learner centered approach Critical reflection and explorations of alternative personal perspectives Affective learning, emotions and feelings discussed Solitude, self dialogue Handling disagreement, confronting rather than avoiding Experiential learning Acknowledging many ways of knowing and learning; multiple intelligences Questioning our assumptions, beliefs The use of rational discourse, dialogue [Boyd and Meyers, 1988], include supporting students to recognize their spirit-a knowing or a truth that resides in them, in promoting transformative learning. [Neuman, 1996] expands the acknowledgment of the importance of feelings and emotions to the transformative aspects of learning experiences. Research methodology Two forms of research are undertaken in order for the purpose of satisfying the objectives of the study: Primary Research: Data collected through first-hand sources Secondary Research: Second-hand data collected through different sources Primary research- Quantitative Research Quantitative research method will be followed in order to create a detailed analysis of consumers perception regarding emails and direct mails as marketing medium in India. Quantitative research offers several advantages to the study: Brower et al (2000, pg. 366) assert that quantitative researchers pursue- and insist that they generate- value-free, unbiased data. Similarly, McLaughlin et al (2002) highlight the following uses of quantitative approach: Research and establish explicit hypotheses Uses accurate measures of concepts Uses tests of statistical significance Uses controls for other explanatory variables Provides a clear theoretical context Case-studies The term case-study usually refers to a fairly intensive examination of a single unit such as a person, a small group of people, or a single company. Case-studies involve measuring what is there and how it got there. In this sense, it is historical. It can enable the researcher to explore, unravel and understand problems, issues and relationships. It cannot, however, allow the researcher to generalize, that is, to argue that from one case-study the results, findings or theory developed apply to other similar case-studies. The case looked at may be unique and, therefore not representative of other instances. It is, of course, possible to look at several case-studies to represent certain features of management that we are interested in studying. The case-study approach is often done to make practical improvements. Contributions to general knowledge are incidental. The case-study method has four steps: Determine the present situation. Gather background information about the past and key variables. Test hypotheses. The background information collected will have been analyzed for possible hypotheses. In this step, specific evidence about each hypothesis can be gathered. This step aims to eliminate possibilities which conflict with the evidence collected and to gain confidence for the important hypotheses. The culmination of this step might be the development of an experimental design to test out more rigorously the hypotheses developed, or it might be to take action to remedy the problem. Take remedial action. The aim is to check that the hypotheses tested actually work out in practice. Some action, correction or improvement is made and a re-check carried out on the situation to see what effect the change has brought about. The case-study enables rich information to be gathered from which potentially useful hypotheses can be generated. It can be a time-consuming process. It is also inefficient in researching situations which are already well structured and where the important variables have been identified. They lack utility when attempting to reach rigorous conclusions or determining precise relationships between variables. Sample size This study takes into consideration ten different holistic schools functioning in India. Secondary Research Secondary data is the information what was collected in the past for some other purpose. Usually, researchers start their investigation by studying a rich variety of already accessible data, to see if they can make a breakthrough in the study partly or wholly, without the use of expensive, time-consuming first-hand research. The following forms of secondary data will be used to research purpose: Books Journals and articles Newspapers Magazines Online web portals Annual Reports Government Agencies Independent Agencies Government official reports Limitations of the study- .5 page This concentrates on the holistic educational practices in India and not any other type of education. This study focuses exclusively on alternate schools. This study involves the holistic schools in India alone. This study is applicable for holistic schools that have been successfully serving the society for not less than eight years.

Trends in UK Rape Statistics Over Time

Trends in UK Rape Statistics Over Time National statistics about crime in England and Wales have been collected and published by the Home Office since 1805 (Clarke, 2006). Originally, the statistics only included proceedings and convictions data from the courts. However, in 1857, data about crimes reported to and recorded by the police were also introduced in to the statistics, with the introduction of the latter, the government seized the opportunity and could exercise oversight over what was then a highly localised policing structure accountable at the local political level (Clarke, 2006, p. 7), meaning that the government could watch over the statistics produced by the police when it came to politics. This essay is going to look at the figures for Rape from these statistics provided, and comment and discuss the trend of rape over the last 120 years, and will also look at the origin and location of these statistics and how they have changed and the impact the changes have had on rape. There are many different definitions to the word Rape in the English language. But overall it is not all that hard to define because most of the definitions broadly have the same concept of what rape is. One definition of Rape, comes from Randy Thornhill and Craig Palmer, who define rape as: copulation resisted to the best of the victims ability unless such resistance would probably result in death or serious injury to the victim or in death or injury to individuals the victim commonly protects (Thornhill Palmer, 2000, p. 1). However, they do also acknowledge that other sexual assaults such as oral or anal penetration of a man or a woman under the same conditions, can also be classed as rape (Thornhill Palmer, 2000, p. 1). Another definition of rape comes from Merriam-Webster, which defines Rape as: unlawful sexual activity and usually sexual intercourse carried out forcibly or under threat of injury against the will usually of a female or with a person who is beneath a certain age or incapable of valid consent because of mental illness, mental deficiency, intoxication, unconsciousness, or deception (Merriam-Webster, 2017, p. 1). However, the main legal definition comes from government legislation website, by The National Archive, under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which defines Rape as: (1) A person (A) commits an offence if- (a) He intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person (B) with his penis, (b) B does not consent to the penetration, and (c) A does not reasonably believe that B consents. (2) Whether a belief is reasonable is to be determined having regard to all the circumstances, including any steps A has taken to ascertain whether B consents. (3) Sections 75 and 76 apply to an offence under this section. (4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life. (Sexual Offences Act, 2003, p. 1). In addition to this, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 also has definitions of rape for rape offences committed against children under the age of 16 and even younger children, who are under the age of 13. The definition for rape or other sexual activity of a child under 16 is as follows: The elements of the offence are: (A) aged 18 or over intentionally causes or incites another person (B) to engage in an activity the activity is sexual, and either (B) is under 16 and (A) does not reasonably believe that B is 16 or over, or (B) is under 13.(Sexual Offences Act, 2003, p. 1) Finally, the Rape of a child under 13 is defined as: (1) A person commits an offence if- (a)he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person with his penis, and (b)the other person is under 13. (2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life. (Sexual Offences Act, 2003, p. 1). Now that the definition of rape has been outlined, we can now move on to look at the trend of rape over the last 120 years and how it has changed over time and the reasons for it. If we look at the graph for Rape over the last 120 years, we can see that there has been a huge increase in the amount of rape that has taken place compared to the amount of Criminal Damage that has occurred. As we can see from the graphs below, the trend for Rape has significantly increased over the last 120 years. Even though the graph for Criminal Damage shows that the trend for Criminal Damage has increased, we can see from the chart that criminal damage peaked in 2008/09 and then the figures started dropping, resulting in the trend decreasing. As far as rape goes, the main increase has been over the last 20 years, mainly because of the new laws that were introduced in the Sexual Health Act 2003 replacing the old laws of the Sexual Health Act 1956. As can be seen from the graph, after the new laws were introduced in the Sexual Health Act 2003, the rate of rape per year increased by 2561 between the year 2001/02 and 2002/03. This is because the Sexual Health Act 2003 introduced the new law that allowed for more sexual offences to be classed as rapes. For example, before this new law, it can be seen from the two bar charts below that the rape of a child under 16 or even under 13 wasnt even recorded by the police until 2004/05 when Sexual Health Act 2003 was properly taking form. Further to this, the rape of a female in general wasnt even recorded by the police in these statistics until 1995 as can be seen in the graph below. A reason for this can be because before 1991, it was legal for a husband to rape his wife. This was suggested by Sir Matthew Hale, in Historia Placitorum Coronea, who stated that the husband cannot be guilty of a rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual matrimonial consent and contract the wife hath given herself up to her husband, consent which she cannot retract (Hale, 1736, p. 629). However, after this case, that rule was abolished by the judge hence making marital rape illegal. Despite this, female rape wasnt recorded pre-1995 because it wasnt until 1994 when S.1 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 was substituted by S.142 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 to include marital rape, and so added the following to the definition of rape: (3) A man also commits rape if he induces a married woman to have sexual intercourse with him by impersonating her husband.(4) Subsection (2) applies for the purposes of any enactment. (Criminal Justice and Public Order Act, 1994, p. 1). After this law was introduced, female rape started to be recorded by the police. Furthermore, two feminist researchers, Jalna Hanmer and Sheila Saunders, found that the encounters that women faced by men everyday were not revealed in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) because the CSEW is not designed to disclose information of that kind of nature. This suggests that rapes which may have occurred prior to 1995 were only reported to the police in the last decade. This may have been because of the changing in the social construction of the police, meaning that there are more female officers now than there used to be, which makes rape victims more likely and willing to talk to instead of male officers. In addition to this, society has also changed to provide more victim support for rape victims by establishing rape centres for victims (Hanmer Saunders, 1984). However, having said this, we are looking at police recorded crime statistics. These statistics are not exactly accurate because there are some rapes or crimes not recorded by the police at all. This is because we are looking statistics from the Crime Survey for England Wales. According to a Crime Statistics 2006 report, by the then Home Secretary of State Charles Clarke, even though there is a lengthy history of reported and recorded crime statistics, that were used to judge police performance, the statistics, for a while now, have been documented as having a number of weaknesses (Clarke, 2006, p. 7). He went on to outline three main weaknesses in the statistics from the CSEW. He stated: First, there have been regular claims that the police adjust their crime statistics to improve measured reported performance (Clarke, 2006, p. 7), meaning that the statistics recorded by the police are not exactly, as they have been adjusted so that the police look more credible and it looks as thou gh they have high performance. Second, the processes and categories used by local police to record crime have historically had a significant degree of local variability; this has made it difficult both to make comparisons among local forces and to form aggregates to provide a meaningful national picture (Clarke, 2006, p. 7). This suggests that the categories that police use to categorise the crimes, are only clear to the local police who have created these statistics, as the statistics are mainly based on the crime in their area, which makes things very ambiguous in the grand scheme of things, when a bigger picture of crime rates in England and Wales. Third, the picture that emerges from recorded crime is potentially distorted by the unknown and uncontrollable variability in the publics reporting of crime to the police (Clarke, 2006, p. 7). This weakness proposes that when the crimes are recorded, the statistics are not entirely accurate because it is not possible to distinguish how many people from the public reported a crime, and how many of the statistics have been adjusted by the police like the first weakness. However, the then home secretary did state that whilst the problems we have remain, there have been several attempts made over the years to address these perceived problems that are there in the Crime Survey for England Wales. These weaknesses are a big factor in the statistics we have for rape, as they came from the CSEW. As the weaknesses mentioned in the report exist, our statistics for rape may not be entirely accurate. This leads us to believe that there may have been more rapes reported by the public but not recorded by the police, and of those that were recorded, only a few maybe accurate as the others may have been adjusted to make the police look more efficient. A further problem this creates for the statistics we have is that, like the second weakness mentioned above, some rape statistics may not have been recorded in the survey by the police as they may not have fell into any of the categories that the police were using to define rape. This could possibly have had a major impact on the statistics we have, hence, impacting the graphs that have been used above to illustrate the trend of rape. To summarise, this essay has looked at the overall trend of rape over the last 120yrs and compared it to the trend of Criminal Damage statistics over the last 120yrs, to show the trend of rape over this period. This essay then delved deeper into the main statistics and broke them down into figures of rape over the last 20 years and then went even further and showed the trends of rape of females of different ages, for example under 16s and under 13s. After that, this essay looked at reasons as to why the statistics are showing what they showed and then went onto discuss the location of where the statistics were found and outlined the problems with the CSEW. Because of these weaknesses, the essay finally looked at how the weaknesses impacted on the rape statistics that we had and used to illustrate the trend of rape from 1898 to 2014/15 which has increased. References   Clarke, C. (2006). Crime Statistics: An Independent review. London: Home Office. Retrieved March 19, 2017, from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http:/rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/crime-statistics-independent-review-06.pdf Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. (1994, November 3). Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. Retrieved March 13, 2017, from The Government Legislation Website The National Archive: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/33/section/142 Hale, S. M. (1736). Historia Placitorum Coronae: The History of the Pleas of the Crown (Vol. 1). Oxon (Oxfordshire): Professional Books Ltd. Hanmer, J., Saunders, S. (1984). Well-founded fear : a community study of violence to women. London: Explorations in Feminism Collective (Great Britain). Merriam-Webster. (2017). Rape. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rape Sexual Offences Act. (2003, November 20). Sexual Offences Act 2003. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from The Government Legislation Website The National Archive: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42 Thornhill, R., Palmer, C. T. (2000). A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

An Economic Analysis of Oregon’s 2007 Road User Fee Pilot Program Essay

I. Introduction and Background The gasoline tax has provided revenue for the Federal and State Highway Trust Fund (HTF) for decades; however, the tax rates have remained stagnate leading to the funds depletion. The HTF is responsible for funding highway and mass transit projects and also maintenance of those projects at the Federal and State level. In 2005 around 80 percent of funding for all projects came from the gasoline tax (Kim, Porter, Whitty, Svadlenak Lareson, Capps, Imholt & Person 2008, pg. 37). Thus, it is vital for the HTF to be a revenue collecting system that can replace the gasoline tax. Oregon has recently begun testing an alternative revenue collection program to fund their HTF. Currently, State gasoline tax is set at 24 cents per-gallon and that is on top of the Federal gasoline tax of 18.4 cents, which only, 18.3 cents is used for roads, the total tax equals to 42.4 cents per-gallon (McMullen, Zhang, & Nakahara, 2010, pg. 360) (Austin & Dinan, 2012 pg.2). The gasoline tax has not been raised in years and is unable to keep up with fuel-efficient technologies. Consequently, the Federal government has had to allocate funds to States HTF for projects along with States having to borrow money form their other accounts. Therefore Oregon proposed the 2007 Road User Fee Pilot Program to test if a vehicle mileage traveled (VMT) tax is a feasible solution to the gasoline tax. Oregon’s propose program is in response to new fuel-efficient vehicles and corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards that have forced the automotive industry to rise miles-per-gallon in new vehicles to help combat climate change. It is estimated that CAFE standards have lower the gasoline tax revenue around twenty percent (Austi... ... Evaluation of Oregon's Vehicle-Miles-Traveled Revenue Collection System." Transportation Research Board 2079: 37-44. Print. McMullen, Starr, Lei Zhang, and Kyle Nakahara. "Distributional impacts of changing from a gasoline tax to a vehicle-mile tax for light vehicles: A case study of Oregon." Transport Policy 17: 359-366. Print. Rufolo, Anthony, and Thomas Kimpel. "Responses to Oregon's Experiment in Road Pricing ." Transportation Research Board 2079: 1-7. Print. Thomas, Michael , and Kevin Heaslip. "Technological Change and the Lowest Common Denominator Problem: an Analysis of Oregon's Vehicle Miles Travelled Fee Experiment ." Journal of City and Town Management 2: 1-23. Web. 6 May 2014. Whitty, James. "Oregon's Mileage Fee Concept and Road User Fee Pilot Program: Final Report ." Oregon Department of Transportation 1 Nov. 2007: iv-92. Print.

Cheating and Plagiarism - It’s Not Plagiarism, It’s Recycling :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

It’s Not Plagiarism, It’s Recycling What does plagiarism have to do with Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ovid's Metamorphosis, Titus Andronicus, Revenge Tragedies, Adam, Eve and the apple, and The Tempest? All these and many more are the result of plagiarism. There seems to be a great discussion on whether or not Shakespeare is the true author of the plays associated with his name. The internet seems to be full of essays, discussion boards and book reviews all dealing with this particular topic and most of the people submitting them are very forceful and definitive about their positions. In just a few hours of searching I found well over a thousand pages dealing with the original source of the works of art assigned to Shakespeare's name. The most disappointing part was that none of the essays I read even suggested the possibility of Shakespeare just "borrowing" information and topics from other playwrights and authors. They were all mainly interested in the man who actually put the words on paper. Not only did this decrease their usefulness for this particular paper but also they made it seem like the person who wrote the plays down on paper had some particular lawful ownership over them. This was not true though. During the time that Shakespeare was writing plays in England, there were no such laws deeming a play protected by copyright laws. Today, plays are usually published and distributed but in the Elizabethan era, plays were only written enough for the actors to learn their lines. When plays were put on there was usually a large audience. This audience could have included other playwrights and actors who would then remember pieces of what they saw and use them later in their own productions. How could this be copyrighted? Back then, actors were lucky if they did not get stopped by the police while performing a play why would the ideas of a playwright be protected by law? I do not think anyone even cared if the plays were used as resources for other plays. If Shakespeare used a part from one of Marlowe's plays, then Marlowe could take some ideas from Shakespeare. Since most of the ideas for plays came from famous works anyway, who's to say that Shakespeare's idea was even his own? Ovid's Metamorphosis is one of the most referenced works in the plays we have read already in class. Cheating and Plagiarism - It’s Not Plagiarism, It’s Recycling :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics It’s Not Plagiarism, It’s Recycling What does plagiarism have to do with Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ovid's Metamorphosis, Titus Andronicus, Revenge Tragedies, Adam, Eve and the apple, and The Tempest? All these and many more are the result of plagiarism. There seems to be a great discussion on whether or not Shakespeare is the true author of the plays associated with his name. The internet seems to be full of essays, discussion boards and book reviews all dealing with this particular topic and most of the people submitting them are very forceful and definitive about their positions. In just a few hours of searching I found well over a thousand pages dealing with the original source of the works of art assigned to Shakespeare's name. The most disappointing part was that none of the essays I read even suggested the possibility of Shakespeare just "borrowing" information and topics from other playwrights and authors. They were all mainly interested in the man who actually put the words on paper. Not only did this decrease their usefulness for this particular paper but also they made it seem like the person who wrote the plays down on paper had some particular lawful ownership over them. This was not true though. During the time that Shakespeare was writing plays in England, there were no such laws deeming a play protected by copyright laws. Today, plays are usually published and distributed but in the Elizabethan era, plays were only written enough for the actors to learn their lines. When plays were put on there was usually a large audience. This audience could have included other playwrights and actors who would then remember pieces of what they saw and use them later in their own productions. How could this be copyrighted? Back then, actors were lucky if they did not get stopped by the police while performing a play why would the ideas of a playwright be protected by law? I do not think anyone even cared if the plays were used as resources for other plays. If Shakespeare used a part from one of Marlowe's plays, then Marlowe could take some ideas from Shakespeare. Since most of the ideas for plays came from famous works anyway, who's to say that Shakespeare's idea was even his own? Ovid's Metamorphosis is one of the most referenced works in the plays we have read already in class.

Quinceaneras Are Not So Bad

Are Not So Bad Girls always want a big party for that special age, Like when you are fifteen, sixteen, eighteen, and twenty-one. If you're Mexican, then you have a acquaintance which is when you are fifteen. My whole family is all about that tradition. They like to throw acquaintance parties to any girl that we have in our family. It has been an ongoing culture for years now but, I almost broke that tradition. I don't like acquaintances even if it is all fancy and pretty. I would rather go out for a very nice dinner on my fifteenth airhead.My mom had big plans for me and, for my acquaintance. Ever since I was thirteen she would plan all these things for the acquaintance; even If It was two years away. She would always ask me what Is my favorite color, what kind of design do I want, and what cake flavor do I like. I would always answer questions but, with sadness because, I really TLD want a acquaintance. I wanted something simple that I really liked Instead. I didn't want to tell my mom that I didn't want a acquaintance because, I was afraid to hurt her feelings, and the culture she has had went throughout her whole family.In acquaintances you have to dance for your guests with your chameleons, and dams. Chameleons and dams are partners that dance with you in the surprise dance. Dancing is the one thing I hate the most in acquaintances. I am very bad at it, and it makes me nervous and shy to dance In front of a lot of people. I ask my mom If I can skip that at least, but she always tells me that dancing is the most Important part of quince, and It keeps the guests motivated and Interested in the party. She Likes to have her parties big with halls decorated In big decorations, and that's also something I hate because I Like impel things.I never understood why having a acquaintance was so important to my family. I asked my mom why was it so important, and she said, â€Å"Everyone in your family has had one, including me, and I don't want to stop now. † I r eally don't want to hurt my mom, or even brake this tradition, so I am deciding to have a acquaintance. I am planning to have it simple, and nice. My mom was a little disappointed because, she already had big plans for the decorations, and the hall, but she said it was okay that I kept it simple, because it is my birthday.I understood that having a acquaintance meant a lot to her, so I wanted to help her feel happy. After I had my acquaintance party, I realized why everyone wanted to have one. The party was really amazing and fun. The hall that I had was really big, and beautiful. Also, the decorations at the party were really pretty and made the hall stand out more. I do regret having a bigger party with more family, and the way mom had planned, but I did enjoy it. I got closer to all of my family members we invited, and brake ever, and the family will all now us by our acquaintance culture.

Anti Corruption Essay

subversive activity is found in the governing body when instead of cerebration ab surface the interests of the citizens as a whole, the members of the disposal atomic number 18 gener e real(prenominal)y interested in promoting their own egoistical interests. specifyrefaction is found in well-nigh(prenominal) globe and private organizations and each unity starting from the clerk to the Managing Director of a compevery is hunched in a way or the other. The clerk im eliminate sm either bribes from the throng who chew up the plaza so that their work is unblemished early than the others who atomic number 18 waiting in a queue. In India, bribes argon withal accept in a a few(prenominal) temples where devotees offering bribes ar given anteriority over others to visit the temple. P atomic number 18nts offer bribes in schools and colleges to abridge their child admitted. in that location is no institution, no organization which is non lead astray in a way or t he other.But the header that arises is that nookie an anti- degeneracy military campaign be started and if yes, sh only(prenominal) it be fortunate. The answer dep dismisss largely on the adaptation of anti- subversion whole tones by some(prenominal) the govern handst and the citizens. It is essential for all the Indians to foreswear taking bribe and as well to tap offering bribe in each form. This is the foundation on which the success of all anti- rot mea for current provide depend. A recent example of anti- spoilion measure has been adopted by Mr. Anna Hazare against the dwelling frame of organization. He was of the panorama that the Lokpal handbill should be slip byed in both the ho works of the s regular(a)s as a result of which all the ministers and the members of the Parliament would bring answer qualified before the law.The faecal matter also supported by Mr. Arvind Kejriwal and was successful initially be give it instilled among the citizens the a contendeness of the necessity to pass the Lokpal bill unless this movement be to be unsuccessful in the posterior stages when the Lokpal bill failed to pass. turpitude is an incurable indisposition which all the citizens should try to storm by hook or by crook. It is solely because of the countermine politicians that straightaway India is burdened with wonderful loans from the developed countries especially America. It has been estimated that if the money deposited In the Swiss Bank of Switzerland by the Indian politicians return to India, not only leave alone India be desolate from all the loans further the rising prices of different commodities would immediately scatter down.People should be fall by the waysideed to re- elect the behinddidate they voted for if he fails to fulfill the promises that he do while contesting the elections. People are of the opinion that decomposition is a way of livelihood and secret code crapper be finished with(p) toeradicate i t. It is essential to understand that unless we as the citizens are not determined to do away with degeneration from the roots, how we prat reckon the government to be rotting- poverty-stricken. turpitude is not a new phenomenon in India. It has been dominant in society since ancient seasons. muniment reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. bulky scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of subversion in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period.When the East India Comp whatsoever took bear of the country, corruption reached new height. turpitude in India has be incur down so common that citizenry now are averse to thinking of overt life with it. Corruption has been outlined variously by scholars. But the uncomplicated meaning of it is that corruption implies perversion of morality, integrity, vitrine or province out of auxiliary motives, i.e. bribery, without any regard to honour, chastise on and rightness. In other words, undue favor for any one for some monetary or other gains is corruption. Simultaneously, depriving the genuinely deserving from their right or privilege is also a corrupt practice. Shrinking from ones duty or dereliction of duty are also forms of corruption. Besides, thefts, wastage of national billet constitute varieties of corruption. Dishonesty, exploitation, malpractices, scams and s gougedals are various manifestations of corruption. Corruption is not a uniquely Indian phenomenon. It is witnessed all over the world in developing as well as developed countries. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere of life, namely business administration, regime, officialdom, and services. In fact, thither is hardly any sphere of influence which can be characterised for not be infected with the vices of corruption. Corruption is rampant in every segment and every variance of society, barring the social status inclined to it.Nobody can be considered free from corruption from a high be officer. To root out the evil of corruption from society, we need to make a super enter of conduct for politicians, legislatures, bureaucrats, and such code should be unbendingly en hale. Judiciary should be given much independence and initiatives on exhausts related to corruption. superfluous courts should be set-up to take in up such issues and speedy ravel is to be promoted. Law and put up machinery should be allowed to work without semipolitical interference. NGOs and media should develop beforehand to create awareness against corruption in society and educate pot to besiege this evil. Only then we would be able to saveour system from being collapsedNow-a-days corruption can be seen everywhere. It is like genus Cancer in public life, which has not become so rampant and perpetuated overnight, however in course of quantify. A country where leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Lai Bahadur Shastri and Kamraj throw taken ge en ounce and led a value-based is now veneer the problem of corruption. When we talk of corruption in public life, it covers corruption in politics, reconcile governments, central governments, business, industry and so on. public dealing counters in intimately all government offices are the places where corruption most evident. If anybody does not pay for the work it is sure work wont be through with(p). People constitute grown unsatisfied appetite for money in them and they can go to any terminus to get money.Undoubtedly they talk of morality and the richness of value-based life barely that is for outer show. Their versed voice is something else. It is always crying for money. It has been seen the officers who are deputed to look into the matters of corruption turn out to be corrupt. Our leaders too are not less corrupt. Thus the profits of corruption goes on as vernacular and remains undeterred. Corruption is seen even in the recruitment department where appointments are ensured through reliable middle agencies. Nexus betwixt politicians and bureaucrats works in a very sophisticated manner. Nexus does also cost between deplorables and police. Everybody knows that criminals have no morals, thence nothing good can we take over from them. But police are supposed(p) to be the symbol of law and order and discipline. dismantle they are indulged in corruption.This is more so because they enjoy unlimited situations and there is no action against them even on complaints and sufficient proof of abuse of office atrocities and high handedness. Corruption can be need-based or greed-based. Better governance can at least help to intercept need-based corruption. Better governance can condition greed based corruption also because punishment for the corrupt lead be very effective and prompt in a better-governed country. The steps should be taken to correct the situation overall. Declarations of property and assets of the government employees are make co mpulsory and wont and surprise inspections and raids be conducted at definite intervals. Though it seerris very tight to envision corruption but it is not impossible. It is not only the responsibility of the government but ours too. We can eliminatecorruption if there leave alone be joint effort. We moldiness have some high principles to exist so that we may be models for the access generation. Let us take a mountain to create an atmosphere free from corruption. That will be our highest achievement as human beings.Introduction Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.It is not hands-down to define corruption. But in a narrow sense, corruption is primarily touch on with bribery and takes several forms. Corruption is a orbicular phenomenon and is omnipresent. Corruption has risen steady and is now rampant in our society. topic StageCorruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is no longer considered a easy state. Now it has become a state of mind where everything can be had for a test. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on the fingers. At one time, bribe was paid to do things wrong, but now they pay bribes to get things make well at the right time. effect of corruptionindia administration is tainted with scandals. India is among 55 of the 106 countries where corruption is rampant, according to the Index of perceived Corruption Report 2004, published by Transparency outside(a) India. Corruption in India leads to promotion not prison. It is very difficult to catch walloping sharks . Corruption in India has no wings wheels. As a nation grows, so do the corrupt to invent new methods of cheating the government and the public.The causes of corruptionThe causes of corruption are many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) and complex. The following are some of the causes of corruption. style of the political elite who believe in programs to interest or else than nation-oriented policies. artificial shortages created by the people with malevolent intent destroys the framework of the economy. Corruption is caused as well as the increase due to the change in value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. The old ideals of morality, service and honesty are considered a achronistic. The tolerance of people towards corruption, the sail through lack of intense public battle cry against corruption and the absence of strong public forum to oppose corruption allow corruption to reign over people. The surface of most of the population, coupled with widespread analphabetism and poor economic infrastructure trace of the endemic corruption in public life. In a highly inflationary economy, low salaries of government officials are draw and quarterd to resort to the path of corruption. IIM graduates with no get in a very piquant salary than what government secretaries draw. complex laws and proced ures give oneself up common people to ask any government assistance. The timing of elections is a time when corruption is at its peak. Great political fund employer to comply with the high be of the election and lastly seek personal favor. bribery to politicians buys influence, and bribery of politicians buying votes. To be elected, politicians bribe poor illiterate people, who are slogging for two times meals .Measures to combat corruptionIs it possible to take up corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, that all Indians should strive to cure. Many new leaders when in power declare their finis to eradicate corruption but soon become corrupt and begin to put in huge wealth.There are many myths closely corruption, which must be exploited, if we truly want to fight. Some of these myths are Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. You have to avoid all these crude fallacie s while planning measures to combat corruption. Laws should be foolproof so that no discretion to politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. The implementation of the policies developed should be odd to the fissiparous commission or authorization in every area of public interest. Decision of the commission or ascendency should be challenged only in court. The cooperation of the people must be obtained to successfully contain corruption. People should have the right to mobilize elected officials if they see that they become absent-minded to the electorate. The financing of elections is at the center of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. Several reforms such as state funding of election expenses of candidates, strict accordance with legal requirements such as elections in part as political parties have their accounts audited regularly and filing tax income, denying persons with criminal records the opportunit y to participate in elections should be presented Responsiveness, accountability and transparency are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the guts of good governance, should be more citizen friendly, responsible, ethical and transparent. Once again the courts should be exculpated to the prompt and inexpensive justice so that cases don t stay in the courts for years and justice is delivered on time. The topical anesthetic bodies independent of government, as Lokpals, Lokadalats, CVC and the vigilance committees should be organize to provide speedy justice with low expenses. A new cardinal right to know. Right to nurture should be made, which entitles citizens to seek the info they want. Barring some confidential learning that relates to national and worldwide security, another type of information should be available to the general public when necessary. strict measures against corrupt officials will undoubtedly have a deterrent effect.ConclusionCorruption is an intr actable problem. Its like diabetes, can only be go throughled but not completely eliminated. It may not be possible to completely eradicate corruption at all levels, but may contain indoors tolerable limits. undecomposed and dedicated persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important recipe for fighting corruption. Corruption has a corrosive effect on our economy. Worsens our image in the international market place and leads to lost opportunities abroad. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world are facing, solutions, however, can only be done at home. We tolerated corruption for so long. The time has come to eradicate its roots.Anna Hazares battlefront Against CorruptionA new verge in the history of independent India, a new path paved by the veteran anti- corruption campaigner Anna Hazare. His debate against corruption was a gentle reminder of Mahatma Gandhis Satyagraha. His sporting-unto death, the five day fast has s hown the world what Gandhism means in todays world. The power of Gandhijis non effect will never cease to exist in the ages to come. While in Libya and Yemen there is bloodshed forfreedom, where people are waging war against one another during the crisis, here in India, a respected social active Anna Hazare is waging a peaceful, non violent war against corruption. His prompt to free India of the greatest evil, corruption, commends appreciation. This fight against corruption staged at Jantar Mantar was not a one- man show. People from different parts of the country gave their support to Anna Hazare. The greatest chastity of this non violent struggle was that no political party was involved in it.Anna Hazare and his supporters were not influenced by any political party. There was only one flag gesticulate high in the sky and in our minds, the Indian National Flag. The fast stop on a very unconditional note when the idea of Jan Lokpal institutionalize was accepted by the organ ization of India. According to the Jan Lokpal Bill, there will be a separate body to investigate and curb the piteous face of India.CORRUPTION where people have the right to raise their voice against corrupt politicians. nevertheless the CBI will be seen as an independent body, free of any other remote influence. Now that the bill is going to be seconded, a very important question arises. Can all the Indians touch their spirit and say with confidence that the Jan Lokpal Bill will eradicate corruption Maybe to an extent but I dont think it will erase corruption completely in a great country like India. The Jan Lokpal Bill may have loopholes like the Right to Information mask, an Act passed due to the thrust lay by Anna Hazare. According to the right to information act, the citizens of India have the right to get information on any matter concerning the country, but recently an incident occurred which clearly reflects the loopholes in it. A citizen of India lodged a complaint rough the wicked wealth possessed by the former old-timer justice of India, K.G Balakrishnan.Even today complete information about the wealth of this most corrupted chief justice of India is not known to the public. why? Is it beyond the Right to Information Act? Similar loopholes are likely to be there in the Lokpal bill also. It is sure that as time passes some illegal and illogical rule will come whereby the citizens cannot use this bill against the Prime Minister, oldtimer justice and so on thus restricting its use. The new committee formed to frame the bill must take in the interest of all sections of the population. It should be taken care that the bill will be unbiased and does not favour any person be it the chairman or prime minister. Further it should be accompanied by other renewal, yes, reformation fromthe grass root level. Recently when host elections were held in Kerala, crores of rupees were spent by each candidate of the 140 constituencies for campaigning. Wh ere did this money come from?If it is the contribution made by big industrialists and so on, then those candidates when elected should operate their interests. In Tamil Nadu, people are given free T.Vs and laptops. Where did this money come from? All these are different manifestations of corruption. A very effective way to end corruption is to reduce the money power in elections. Crores of rupees are deposited as char money by many prestigious people abroad.This unaccounted money should be brought stick out and if it is done, this black money alone can provide the necessary funds essential for the construction of metros in all the states of India. These reformations if oblige can provide that extra impetus needed to curb corruption on with the Lokpal bill. The Lokpal bill is cent percent licit and it upholds the spirit of the constitution because its main pick out is to create a corruption- free India.If by any chance it is against any bind of the constitution, it is bette r to amend the constitution rather than the bill because of its most noble cause. The 2G spectrum case, Adharsh Bhavan Colony, country games are the different issues which we have been audition in the last few months which has made India a laughing stock in the comity of nations. Let us use the Jan Lokpal bill wisely, sealing its loopholes and see the ultimate result. Let us hope for the best.Corruption in India has made inroads in all fields of life. Corruption is present in politics, the bureaucracy, corporate and private sectors and is the root cause for most of the problems that plague India. Since the last year, the issue has been widely debated and there has been a spacious mass mobilization against corruption by social activist Sri Anna Hazare and his team members. The regimen of India established a Group of Ministers (GoM) in January 2011 to consider measures to tackle corruption. It has submitted two reports.In pursuance of this, 1. governance has directed that request s for sanction of prosecution are to be heady upon by the skilled authority within a period of three months. 2. Government decided that for all officers of the central government above the rank of Joint Secretary, the competent authority to approve initiation of doubtfulness/investigation under Section 6A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act will be the Minister-in-charge in the Government of India. 3. Government has also accepted the recommendation of the GoM to put in place regulatory parameters for exercise of discretionary powers by Ministers and to place them in public domain4. A house-to-house Lokpal and Lakyuktas Bill, 2011 was passed by the Lok Sabha this year. 1. The Whistle Blowers Protection Bill 2011 intended to provide protection to whistle-blowers, was passed by the Lok Sabha and is presently with the Rajya Sabha. 2. India ratified the United Nations design Against Corruption in May, 2011. The Convention has entered into force for India on 8th June 2011. W ith a view to ensuring full compliance with this Convention, The Prevention of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials and Officials of Public International Organizations Bill 2011 was introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Report of the parliamentary Standing Committee on the Bill is under consideration of the Government.